Biology and living things
Biology is the study of living things and concerns itself with the study of the structure, behavior, distribution, the origin of plants and animals and their relationship with their environments.
Being dynamic, biology is always expanding as new discoveries are made. Biology can be divided broadly into two namely, zoology and botany. While zoology deals with the study of animals, botany is the study of plants. Some other specific branches of biology are:
Morphology
Morphology: This is the study of physical forms or physical characteristics of living things in terms of shape and structure e.g. When we describe the appearance of a fish or the parts of a flower we are dealing with morphology.
Anatomy
Anatomy: This is the study of the internal structure of living things.
Physiology
Physiology: Physiology is the study of how the body of living things function.
Microbiology
Microbiology: This is the study micro organisms.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy: (Systematics) This is the branch of biology which deals with the classification of living things based on resemblances and differences of forms and shapes.
Entomology
Entomology: This is the study of insects.
Cytology
Cytology: This is the study of cell biology.
Parasitology
Parasitology: Parasitology is the study of parasites.
Genetics
Genetics: This is the study of heredity i.e. how characteristics are passed on from one generation to another.
Ecology
Ecology: This is the study of the relationship between animals, plants and their environment.
Virology
Virology: Evolution is the study of the origin of living things (plants and animals etc. ) by a process of gradual and slow adaptive changes over successive generations, resulting in diversity of form, structure and functions, It is the study of one origin of new species of organisms by natural selection.
Histology
Histology: Histology is the study of living tissues as seen under a microscope.
Embryology
Embryology: This is the study of the early development of a plant or animal e.g. In man it covers the period from fertilization to birth.
Mycology
Mycology: Mycology is the study of fungi, also they are living things because since biology deals with the study of life.
Biology as Inquiry
Like any other science, biology involves inquiry. This enables us to acquaint ourselves with living things around us in a careful, systematic manner. To understand these processes of inquiry, we have to understand the basis of science generally. Facts must be proven through scientific method or processes before they are accepted.
The orderly and systematic arrangement of facts is achieved through the following method:
(a) Observation and recognition of the problem
This involves the use of the senses to describe an observation by using the characteristics and properties of the material. This problem to be solved must be clearly stated in the form of our assertion or hypothesis. A hypothesis therefore is a proposed sensible assumption or guess capable of being verified or tested.
(b) Collection accurate date - Data has to be collected from reliable sources which can be done through careful observations, measurements and comparisons, e.t.c.
(c) Testing the hypothesis - This is done through experimentation during which data are collected. The data collected may lead to the development of new ideas, tricks, capable, etc.
(d) Arriving at logical conclusions - This is done by using all the available facts. The statement of hypothesis is very important in science and the scientist uses experimental methods to help him/her to support a hypothesis effectively. If results prove positively, it becomes a scientific theory which observed to occur without failure or variation in nature over a long period of time. The factors which could used by the scientist to drew conclusions may be the nature of materials used, such as temperature, air, water, height, etc. However, these conclusions cannot be drawn unless he has a ' control ' to his experiments.
For instance , to find out the importance of a particular factor necessary for the normal and deserve development of an animal or plant, one excludes or varies this factor keeping all others constant. This effect of this factor is then observed, because for example: to find out which condition is responsible for an observed behavior or result, it is necessary to set up two experiments one with normal conditions and the other with the eliminated or varied factor. Any difference can then be attributed to the varied or eliminated normal condition is known as the control.
The Scientific Attitude
The scientist has to acquire a number attitudes, these include the following:
(a) Unbiased basis for conclusion - An individual's feelings or bias on Scientific findings may influence decisions and judgements. Scientific findings should not be influenced by person factors which cannot tested.
(b) Curiosity - Curiosity is a motivating factor in Scientific inquiry, because it forms the basis for learning something new. This justified why scientists are always trying to find out new things important.
(c) Respect for experimentation - Testing to acquisition of new knowledge. Such tests must be valid which controls so as to eliminate chance results from.
(d) Quickness in identifying the significance of observation - Discoveries are not accidents but are a credit to the alertness of the investigator. This leads to the discovery of new facts.
(f) Respect for the principle of cause and effect - A scientist makes observations and from these he is able to find the cause (s) and the effect (s) of these in all possible ways or methods.
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If you considered and observed about Biology Subject is the something, which is supposed to be observed as you are scientist the one who is going dedicate your time, life, as well as everything for just to save the person's life. So you have to increase your effort to focus very well with your ability and capacity to do it with your hope as much as possible.
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